Dihydrocodeine

Uses

Usually administered as a standard tablet, prolonged-release tablet, liquid, or injection, dihydrocodeine is often used to treat mild-to-severe nerve, joint, or muscle pain. It may also be used to treat pain related to conditions such as sciatica and various types of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, or severe shortness of breath. It is sometimes used to treat pain experienced after surgery or chronic discomfort from cancer. It is not meant for use by individuals with low blood pressure, inflammatory bowel conditions, thyroid or gland issues, or a history of drug or alcohol dependence.

Side Effects

Side effects of dihydrocodeine can range from mild to severe. Patients on medication for other conditions are often more susceptible to adverse effects. Some individuals may experience an allergic reaction triggered by the drug itself or certain foods consumed while on this medication, although this is rare. Side effects commonly associated with dihydrocodeine include:

• Dizziness or headaches
• Dry mouth
• Abdominal discomfort
• Fatigue
• “Pins and needles” sensation
• Shallow breathing
• Muscle rigidity
• Difficulty urinating

Tolerance and Dependence

Tolerance and dependence can develop with long-term and repeated use of dihydrocodeine, although efforts are made to limit a patient’s use of the drug to minimize this risk. If tolerance develops, there is a tendency to take more of the drug than what was prescribed. Doing so increases the risk of developing a dependence, signs of which may include feelings of euphoria and a sedative effect that’s coupled with increased fatigue and a general lack of energy. The risk of dependence on dihydrocodeine is greater if the drug is intentionally abused or not taken in accordance with physician instructions.

Withdrawal Symptoms

Nausea, vomiting, headaches, sweating, diarrhea, and chills are some of the common withdrawal symptoms associated with dihydrocodeine. As with other opiate drugs, physical reactions to withdrawal are due to a chemical dependency that has formed within the brain due to the way such medications work. Physical reactions typically start within 12 hours of the last dose of dihydrocodeine as receptors within the brain react produce signals that trigger a series of responses throughout the body. Withdrawal symptoms may also include:

• Strong cravings
• Restlessness
• Uncontrollable tremors, or shaking
• Insomnia

Similar in chemical structure to codeine, dihydrocodeine is sometimes used as a substitute for that drug since side effects tend to be milder. Dihydrocodeine has a cross-tolerance effect, meaning patients who develop a tolerance will have a similar tolerance with other opiate drugs. If an addiction does form, treatment typically involves supervised withdrawal and sometimes includes the use of other medications to minimize physical reactions as the body adjusts.